pytest-mastery

# pytest Testing with uv

## Quick Reference

```bash
# Run all tests
uv run pytest

# Run with verbose output
uv run pytest -v

# Run specific file
uv run pytest tests/test_example.py

# Run specific test function
uv run pytest tests/test_example.py::test_function_name

# Run tests matching pattern
uv run pytest -k "pattern"

# Run with coverage
uv run pytest --cov=src --cov-report=html
```

## Installation

```bash
# Add pytest as dev dependency
uv add --dev pytest

# Add coverage support
uv add --dev pytest-cov

# Add async support (for FastAPI)
uv add --dev pytest-asyncio httpx
```

## Test Discovery

pytest automatically discovers tests following these conventions:

- Files: `test_*.py` or `*_test.py`
- Functions: `test_*`
- Classes: `Test*` (no `__init__` method)
- Methods: `test_*` inside `Test*` classes

Standard project structure:
```
project/
├── src/
│   └── myapp/
├── tests/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── conftest.py      # Shared fixtures
│   ├── test_unit.py
│   └── integration/
│       └── test_api.py
└── pyproject.toml
```

## Fixtures

Fixtures provide reusable test setup/teardown:

```python
import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def sample_user():
    return {"id": 1, "name": "Test User"}

@pytest.fixture
def db_connection():
    conn = create_connection()
    yield conn  # Test runs here
    conn.close()  # Teardown

def test_user_name(sample_user):
    assert sample_user["name"] == "Test User"
```

### Fixture Scopes

```python
@pytest.fixture(scope="function")  # Default: new instance per test
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")     # Once per test class
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")    # Once per module
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")   # Once per test session
```

### Shared Fixtures (conftest.py)

Place in `tests/conftest.py` for automatic availability:

```python
# tests/conftest.py
import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def api_client():
    return TestClient(app)
```

## Parametrization

Run same test with multiple inputs:

```python
import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
    (1, 2),
    (2, 4),
    (3, 6),
])
def test_double(input, expected):
    assert input * 2 == expected

@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [None, "", [], {}])
def test_falsy_values(value):
    assert not value
```

## Common Options

| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `-v` | Verbose output |
| `-vv` | More verbose |
| `-q` | Quiet mode |
| `-x` | Stop on first failure |
| `--lf` | Run last failed tests only |
| `--ff` | Run failures first |
| `-k "expr"` | Filter by name expression |
| `-m "mark"` | Run marked tests only |
| `--tb=short` | Shorter traceback |
| `--tb=no` | No traceback |
| `-s` | Show print statements |
| `--durations=10` | Show 10 slowest tests |
| `-n auto` | Parallel execution (pytest-xdist) |

## Coverage Reports

```bash
# Terminal report
uv run pytest --cov=src

# HTML report (creates htmlcov/)
uv run pytest --cov=src --cov-report=html

# With minimum threshold (fails if below)
uv run pytest --cov=src --cov-fail-under=80

# Multiple report formats
uv run pytest --cov=src --cov-report=term --cov-report=xml
```

## Markers

```python
import pytest

@pytest.mark.slow
def test_slow_operation():
    ...

@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Not implemented")
def test_future_feature():
    ...

@pytest.mark.skipif(condition, reason="...")
def test_conditional():
    ...

@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Known bug")
def test_known_failure():
    ...
```

Run by marker:
```bash
uv run pytest -m "not slow"
uv run pytest -m "integration"
```

## pyproject.toml Configuration

```toml
[tool.pytest.ini_options]
testpaths = ["tests"]
python_files = ["test_*.py"]
python_functions = ["test_*"]
addopts = "-v --tb=short"
markers = [
    "slow: marks tests as slow",
    "integration: integration tests",
]

[tool.coverage.run]
source = ["src"]
omit = ["tests/*", "*/__init__.py"]

[tool.coverage.report]
exclude_lines = [
    "pragma: no cover",
    "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
]
```

## FastAPI Testing

See [references/fastapi-testing.md](references/fastapi-testing.md) for comprehensive FastAPI testing patterns including:
- TestClient setup
- Async testing with httpx
- Database fixture patterns
- Dependency overrides
- Authentication testing

## Debugging Failed Tests

```bash
# Run with full traceback
uv run pytest --tb=long

# Drop into debugger on failure
uv run pytest --pdb

# Show local variables in traceback
uv run pytest -l

# Run only previously failed
uv run pytest --lf
```