senior-secops

# Senior SecOps Engineer

Complete toolkit for Security Operations including vulnerability management, compliance verification, secure coding practices, and security automation.

---

## Table of Contents

- [Trigger Terms](#trigger-terms)
- [Core Capabilities](#core-capabilities)
- [Workflows](#workflows)
- [Tool Reference](#tool-reference)
- [Security Standards](#security-standards)
- [Compliance Frameworks](#compliance-frameworks)
- [Best Practices](#best-practices)

---

## Trigger Terms

Use this skill when you encounter:

| Category | Terms |
|----------|-------|
| **Vulnerability Management** | CVE, CVSS, vulnerability scan, security patch, dependency audit, npm audit, pip-audit |
| **OWASP Top 10** | injection, XSS, CSRF, broken authentication, security misconfiguration, sensitive data exposure |
| **Compliance** | SOC 2, PCI-DSS, HIPAA, GDPR, compliance audit, security controls, access control |
| **Secure Coding** | input validation, output encoding, parameterized queries, prepared statements, sanitization |
| **Secrets Management** | API key, secrets vault, environment variables, HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager |
| **Authentication** | JWT, OAuth, MFA, 2FA, TOTP, password hashing, bcrypt, argon2, session management |
| **Security Testing** | SAST, DAST, penetration test, security scan, Snyk, Semgrep, CodeQL, Trivy |
| **Incident Response** | security incident, breach notification, incident response, forensics, containment |
| **Network Security** | TLS, HTTPS, HSTS, CSP, CORS, security headers, firewall rules, WAF |
| **Infrastructure Security** | container security, Kubernetes security, IAM, least privilege, zero trust |
| **Cryptography** | encryption at rest, encryption in transit, AES-256, RSA, key management, KMS |
| **Monitoring** | security monitoring, SIEM, audit logging, intrusion detection, anomaly detection |

---

## Core Capabilities

### 1. Security Scanner

Scan source code for security vulnerabilities including hardcoded secrets, SQL injection, XSS, command injection, and path traversal.

```bash
# Scan project for security issues
python scripts/security_scanner.py /path/to/project

# Filter by severity
python scripts/security_scanner.py /path/to/project --severity high

# JSON output for CI/CD
python scripts/security_scanner.py /path/to/project --json --output report.json
```

**Detects:**
- Hardcoded secrets (API keys, passwords, AWS credentials, GitHub tokens, private keys)
- SQL injection patterns (string concatenation, f-strings, template literals)
- XSS vulnerabilities (innerHTML assignment, unsafe DOM manipulation, React unsafe patterns)
- Command injection (shell=True, exec, eval with user input)
- Path traversal (file operations with user input)

### 2. Vulnerability Assessor

Scan dependencies for known CVEs across npm, Python, and Go ecosystems.

```bash
# Assess project dependencies
python scripts/vulnerability_assessor.py /path/to/project

# Critical/high only
python scripts/vulnerability_assessor.py /path/to/project --severity high

# Export vulnerability report
python scripts/vulnerability_assessor.py /path/to/project --json --output vulns.json
```

**Scans:**
- `package.json` and `package-lock.json` (npm)
- `requirements.txt` and `pyproject.toml` (Python)
- `go.mod` (Go)

**Output:**
- CVE IDs with CVSS scores
- Affected package versions
- Fixed versions for remediation
- Overall risk score (0-100)

### 3. Compliance Checker

Verify security compliance against SOC 2, PCI-DSS, HIPAA, and GDPR frameworks.

```bash
# Check all frameworks
python scripts/compliance_checker.py /path/to/project

# Specific framework
python scripts/compliance_checker.py /path/to/project --framework soc2
python scripts/compliance_checker.py /path/to/project --framework pci-dss
python scripts/compliance_checker.py /path/to/project --framework hipaa
python scripts/compliance_checker.py /path/to/project --framework gdpr

# Export compliance report
python scripts/compliance_checker.py /path/to/project --json --output compliance.json
```

**Verifies:**
- Access control implementation
- Encryption at rest and in transit
- Audit logging
- Authentication strength (MFA, password hashing)
- Security documentation
- CI/CD security controls

---

## Workflows

### Workflow 1: Security Audit

Complete security assessment of a codebase.

```bash
# Step 1: Scan for code vulnerabilities
python scripts/security_scanner.py . --severity medium

# Step 2: Check dependency vulnerabilities
python scripts/vulnerability_assessor.py . --severity high

# Step 3: Verify compliance controls
python scripts/compliance_checker.py . --framework all

# Step 4: Generate combined report
python scripts/security_scanner.py . --json --output security.json
python scripts/vulnerability_assessor.py . --json --output vulns.json
python scripts/compliance_checker.py . --json --output compliance.json
```

### Workflow 2: CI/CD Security Gate

Integrate security checks into deployment pipeline.

```yaml
# .github/workflows/security.yml
name: Security Scan

on:
  pull_request:
    branches: [main, develop]

jobs:
  security-scan:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: '3.11'

      - name: Security Scanner
        run: python scripts/security_scanner.py . --severity high

      - name: Vulnerability Assessment
        run: python scripts/vulnerability_assessor.py . --severity critical

      - name: Compliance Check
        run: python scripts/compliance_checker.py . --framework soc2
```

### Workflow 3: CVE Triage

Respond to a new CVE affecting your application.

```
1. ASSESS (0-2 hours)
   - Identify affected systems using vulnerability_assessor.py
   - Check if CVE is being actively exploited
   - Determine CVSS environmental score for your context

2. PRIORITIZE
   - Critical (CVSS 9.0+, internet-facing): 24 hours
   - High (CVSS 7.0-8.9): 7 days
   - Medium (CVSS 4.0-6.9): 30 days
   - Low (CVSS < 4.0): 90 days

3. REMEDIATE
   - Update affected dependency to fixed version
   - Run security_scanner.py to verify fix
   - Test for regressions
   - Deploy with enhanced monitoring

4. VERIFY
   - Re-run vulnerability_assessor.py
   - Confirm CVE no longer reported
   - Document remediation actions
```

### Workflow 4: Incident Response

Security incident handling procedure.

```
PHASE 1: DETECT & IDENTIFY (0-15 min)
- Alert received and acknowledged
- Initial severity assessment (SEV-1 to SEV-4)
- Incident commander assigned
- Communication channel established

PHASE 2: CONTAIN (15-60 min)
- Affected systems identified
- Network isolation if needed
- Credentials rotated if compromised
- Preserve evidence (logs, memory dumps)

PHASE 3: ERADICATE (1-4 hours)
- Root cause identified
- Malware/backdoors removed
- Vulnerabilities patched (run security_scanner.py)
- Systems hardened

PHASE 4: RECOVER (4-24 hours)
- Systems restored from clean backup
- Services brought back online
- Enhanced monitoring enabled
- User access restored

PHASE 5: POST-INCIDENT (24-72 hours)
- Incident timeline documented
- Root cause analysis complete
- Lessons learned documented
- Preventive measures implemented
- Stakeholder report delivered
```

---

## Tool Reference

### security_scanner.py

| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `target` | Directory or file to scan |
| `--severity, -s` | Minimum severity: critical, high, medium, low |
| `--verbose, -v` | Show files as they're scanned |
| `--json` | Output results as JSON |
| `--output, -o` | Write results to file |

**Exit Codes:**
- `0`: No critical/high findings
- `1`: High severity findings
- `2`: Critical severity findings

### vulnerability_assessor.py

| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `target` | Directory containing dependency files |
| `--severity, -s` | Minimum severity: critical, high, medium, low |
| `--verbose, -v` | Show files as they're scanned |
| `--json` | Output results as JSON |
| `--output, -o` | Write results to file |

**Exit Codes:**
- `0`: No critical/high vulnerabilities
- `1`: High severity vulnerabilities
- `2`: Critical severity vulnerabilities

### compliance_checker.py

| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `target` | Directory to check |
| `--framework, -f` | Framework: soc2, pci-dss, hipaa, gdpr, all |
| `--verbose, -v` | Show checks as they run |
| `--json` | Output results as JSON |
| `--output, -o` | Write results to file |

**Exit Codes:**
- `0`: Compliant (90%+ score)
- `1`: Non-compliant (50-69% score)
- `2`: Critical gaps (<50% score)

---

## Security Standards

### OWASP Top 10 Prevention

| Vulnerability | Prevention |
|--------------|------------|
| **A01: Broken Access Control** | Implement RBAC, deny by default, validate permissions server-side |
| **A02: Cryptographic Failures** | Use TLS 1.2+, AES-256 encryption, secure key management |
| **A03: Injection** | Parameterized queries, input validation, escape output |
| **A04: Insecure Design** | Threat modeling, secure design patterns, defense in depth |
| **A05: Security Misconfiguration** | Hardening guides, remove defaults, disable unused features |
| **A06: Vulnerable Components** | Dependency scanning, automated updates, SBOM |
| **A07: Authentication Failures** | MFA, rate limiting, secure password storage |
| **A08: Data Integrity Failures** | Code signing, integrity checks, secure CI/CD |
| **A09: Security Logging Failures** | Comprehensive audit logs, SIEM integration, alerting |
| **A10: SSRF** | URL validation, allowlist destinations, network segmentation |

### Secure Coding Checklist

```markdown
## Input Validation
- [ ] Validate all input on server side
- [ ] Use allowlists over denylists
- [ ] Sanitize for specific context (HTML, SQL, shell)

## Output Encoding
- [ ] HTML encode for browser output
- [ ] URL encode for URLs
- [ ] JavaScript encode for script contexts

## Authentication
- [ ] Use bcrypt/argon2 for passwords
- [ ] Implement MFA for sensitive operations
- [ ] Enforce strong password policy

## Session Management
- [ ] Generate secure random session IDs
- [ ] Set HttpOnly, Secure, SameSite flags
- [ ] Implement session timeout (15 min idle)

## Error Handling
- [ ] Log errors with context (no secrets)
- [ ] Return generic messages to users
- [ ] Never expose stack traces in production

## Secrets Management
- [ ] Use environment variables or secrets manager
- [ ] Never commit secrets to version control
- [ ] Rotate credentials regularly
```

---

## Compliance Frameworks

### SOC 2 Type II Controls

| Control | Category | Description |
|---------|----------|-------------|
| CC1 | Control Environment | Security policies, org structure |
| CC2 | Communication | Security awareness, documentation |
| CC3 | Risk Assessment | Vulnerability scanning, threat modeling |
| CC6 | Logical Access | Authentication, authorization, MFA |
| CC7 | System Operations | Monitoring, logging, incident response |
| CC8 | Change Management | CI/CD, code review, deployment controls |

### PCI-DSS v4.0 Requirements

| Requirement | Description |
|-------------|-------------|
| Req 3 | Protect stored cardholder data (encryption at rest) |
| Req 4 | Encrypt transmission (TLS 1.2+) |
| Req 6 | Secure development (input validation, secure coding) |
| Req 8 | Strong authentication (MFA, password policy) |
| Req 10 | Audit logging (all access to cardholder data) |
| Req 11 | Security testing (SAST, DAST, penetration testing) |

### HIPAA Security Rule

| Safeguard | Requirement |
|-----------|-------------|
| 164.312(a)(1) | Unique user identification for PHI access |
| 164.312(b) | Audit trails for PHI access |
| 164.312(c)(1) | Data integrity controls |
| 164.312(d) | Person/entity authentication (MFA) |
| 164.312(e)(1) | Transmission encryption (TLS) |

### GDPR Requirements

| Article | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Art 25 | Privacy by design, data minimization |
| Art 32 | Security measures, encryption, pseudonymization |
| Art 33 | Breach notification (72 hours) |
| Art 17 | Right to erasure (data deletion) |
| Art 20 | Data portability (export capability) |

---

## Best Practices

### Secrets Management

```python
# BAD: Hardcoded secret
API_KEY = "sk-1234567890abcdef"

# GOOD: Environment variable
import os
API_KEY = os.environ.get("API_KEY")

# BETTER: Secrets manager
from your_vault_client import get_secret
API_KEY = get_secret("api/key")
```

### SQL Injection Prevention

```python
# BAD: String concatenation
query = f"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = {user_id}"

# GOOD: Parameterized query
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = %s", (user_id,))
```

### XSS Prevention

```javascript
// BAD: Direct innerHTML assignment is vulnerable
// GOOD: Use textContent (auto-escaped)
element.textContent = userInput;

// GOOD: Use sanitization library for HTML
import DOMPurify from 'dompurify';
const safeHTML = DOMPurify.sanitize(userInput);
```

### Authentication

```javascript
// Password hashing
const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
const SALT_ROUNDS = 12;

// Hash password
const hash = await bcrypt.hash(password, SALT_ROUNDS);

// Verify password
const match = await bcrypt.compare(password, hash);
```

### Security Headers

```javascript
// Express.js security headers
const helmet = require('helmet');
app.use(helmet());

// Or manually set headers:
app.use((req, res, next) => {
  res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
  res.setHeader('X-Frame-Options', 'DENY');
  res.setHeader('X-XSS-Protection', '1; mode=block');
  res.setHeader('Strict-Transport-Security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains');
  res.setHeader('Content-Security-Policy', "default-src 'self'");
  next();
});
```

---

## Reference Documentation

| Document | Description |
|----------|-------------|
| `references/security_standards.md` | OWASP Top 10, secure coding, authentication, API security |
| `references/vulnerability_management_guide.md` | CVE triage, CVSS scoring, remediation workflows |
| `references/compliance_requirements.md` | SOC 2, PCI-DSS, HIPAA, GDPR requirements |

---

## Tech Stack

**Security Scanning:**
- Snyk (dependency scanning)
- Semgrep (SAST)
- CodeQL (code analysis)
- Trivy (container scanning)
- OWASP ZAP (DAST)

**Secrets Management:**
- HashiCorp Vault
- AWS Secrets Manager
- Azure Key Vault
- 1Password Secrets Automation

**Authentication:**
- bcrypt, argon2 (password hashing)
- jsonwebtoken (JWT)
- passport.js (authentication middleware)
- speakeasy (TOTP/MFA)

**Logging & Monitoring:**
- Winston, Pino (Node.js logging)
- Datadog, Splunk (SIEM)
- PagerDuty (alerting)

**Compliance:**
- Vanta (SOC 2 automation)
- Drata (compliance management)
- AWS Config (configuration compliance)