vuln-patterns-core

# Vulnerability Patterns: Core

Universal security patterns applicable to all programming languages.

## When to Use This Skill

- **Live security hooks** - Real-time validation of code changes
- **Cross-language scanning** - Patterns that work on any codebase
- **Configuration audits** - Scanning env files, Docker, YAML configs

## When NOT to Use This Skill

- **Language-specific patterns** - Use vuln-patterns-languages skill
- **Full security audits** - Use domain auditor agents
- **Remediation guidance** - Use remediation-* skills

---

## Hardcoded Secrets

**Detection Pattern**:
```regex
# API Keys
(?i)(api[_-]?key|apikey)\s*[:=]\s*['"][a-zA-Z0-9]{16,}['"]

# AWS Keys
(?:AKIA|ABIA|ACCA|ASIA)[A-Z0-9]{16}

# Private Keys
-----BEGIN (?:RSA |EC |DSA |OPENSSH )?PRIVATE KEY-----

# Generic Secrets
(?i)(password|secret|token|credential)s?\s*[:=]\s*['"][^'"]{8,}['"]

# JWT Secrets
(?i)(jwt[_-]?secret|signing[_-]?key)\s*[:=]\s*['"][^'"]+['"]
```

**Grep Commands**:
```bash
# API keys
grep -rn --include="*.{js,ts,py,java,go,rb}" -E "(api[_-]?key|apikey)\s*[:=]\s*['\"][a-zA-Z0-9]{16,}['\"]" .

# AWS keys
grep -rn -E "AKIA[A-Z0-9]{16}" .

# Private keys
grep -rn "BEGIN.*PRIVATE KEY" .

# Password assignments
grep -rn --include="*.{js,ts,py,java,go,rb}" -E "(password|secret)\s*[:=]\s*['\"][^'\"]{8,}['\"]" .
```

**Severity**: High
**ASVS**: V13.3.1 - Secrets not in version control
**CWE**: CWE-798 (Hardcoded Credentials)

---

## SQL Injection

**Detection Pattern**:
```regex
# String concatenation in queries
(?i)(SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|FROM|WHERE).*\+\s*[a-zA-Z_]+

# f-string/template queries
(?i)f['"](SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE).*\{

# Format string queries
(?i)(SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE).*%\s*\(

# String interpolation
(?i)(SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE).*\$\{
```

**Grep Commands**:
```bash
# Python f-string SQL
grep -rn --include="*.py" -E "f['\"]SELECT.*\{|f['\"]INSERT.*\{|f['\"]UPDATE.*\{|f['\"]DELETE.*\{" .

# JavaScript template SQL
grep -rn --include="*.{js,ts}" -E "\`SELECT.*\$\{|\`INSERT.*\$\{|\`UPDATE.*\$\{|\`DELETE.*\$\{" .

# String concatenation SQL (all languages)
grep -rn -E "(SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE).*\+.*\+" .
```

**Severity**: Critical
**ASVS**: V1.2.1 - Parameterized queries
**CWE**: CWE-89 (SQL Injection)

---

## Command Injection

**Detection Pattern**:
```regex
# Shell execution with variables
(?i)(os\.system|subprocess\.call|exec|shell_exec|system)\s*\([^)]*\+
(?i)(os\.system|subprocess\.call|exec|shell_exec|system)\s*\([^)]*\$\{
(?i)(os\.system|subprocess\.call|exec|shell_exec|system)\s*\([^)]*f['"]

# Dangerous shell=True
subprocess\.[a-z]+\([^)]*shell\s*=\s*True
```

**Grep Commands**:
```bash
# Python os.system
grep -rn --include="*.py" -E "os\.system\s*\(.*\+" .

# Python subprocess shell=True
grep -rn --include="*.py" "shell\s*=\s*True" .

# Node.js exec
grep -rn --include="*.{js,ts}" -E "exec\s*\(.*\+" .

# PHP system calls
grep -rn --include="*.php" -E "(system|exec|shell_exec|passthru)\s*\(" .
```

**Severity**: Critical
**ASVS**: V1.2.3 - OS command injection prevention
**CWE**: CWE-78 (OS Command Injection)

---

## Path Traversal

**Detection Pattern**:
```regex
# Direct path concatenation
(?i)(open|read|write|file|path)\s*\([^)]*\+.*\)
(?i)(open|read|write|file|path)\s*\([^)]*\$\{.*\)

# No path validation
os\.path\.join\s*\([^)]*,[^)]*\)(?!.*resolve|.*is_relative)
```

**Grep Commands**:
```bash
# Python file operations with variables
grep -rn --include="*.py" -E "open\s*\(.*\+" .

# Node.js file operations
grep -rn --include="*.{js,ts}" -E "(readFile|writeFile|createReadStream)\s*\(.*\+" .

# Check for missing path validation
grep -rn --include="*.py" "os\.path\.join" . | grep -v "resolve\|is_relative"
```

**Severity**: High
**ASVS**: V5.4.1 - Path traversal prevention
**CWE**: CWE-22 (Path Traversal)

---

## Configuration File Patterns

### .env Files

**Detection Pattern**:
```regex
# Sensitive keys in .env
(?i)(password|secret|token|api[_-]?key|private[_-]?key)\s*=\s*[^\s]+
```

**Grep Commands**:
```bash
grep -rn -E "(?i)(password|secret|token|api.?key)=" .env* 2>/dev/null
```

**Severity**: High
**ASVS**: V13.3.1 - Secrets management
**CWE**: CWE-798 (Hardcoded Credentials)

---

### Docker/Container

**Detection Pattern**:
```regex
# Privileged mode
--privileged
privileged:\s*true

# Running as root
USER\s+root

# Exposed secrets
ENV\s+(PASSWORD|SECRET|API_KEY|TOKEN)\s*=
```

**Grep Commands**:
```bash
grep -rn "privileged" Dockerfile docker-compose.yml 2>/dev/null
grep -rn "USER root" Dockerfile 2>/dev/null
grep -rn -E "ENV.*(PASSWORD|SECRET|API_KEY)" Dockerfile 2>/dev/null
```

**Severity**: High
**ASVS**: V13.2.1 - Secure configuration
**CWE**: CWE-250 (Excessive Privilege)

---

## Quick Scan Script

Use this script for rapid vulnerability detection:

```bash
#!/bin/bash
# quick-security-scan.sh

echo "=== Quick Security Scan ==="

echo -e "\n[1] Hardcoded Secrets"
grep -rn --include="*.{js,ts,py,java,go,rb,php}" -E "(api[_-]?key|password|secret)\s*[:=]\s*['\"][^'\"]{8,}['\"]" . 2>/dev/null | head -20

echo -e "\n[2] SQL Injection Patterns"
grep -rn --include="*.{js,ts,py,java,go,rb,php}" -E "(SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE).*\+" . 2>/dev/null | head -20

echo -e "\n[3] Command Injection"
grep -rn --include="*.py" "shell\s*=\s*True" . 2>/dev/null
grep -rn --include="*.{js,ts}" -E "exec\s*\(|spawn\s*\(" . 2>/dev/null | head -10

echo -e "\n[4] Unsafe Deserialization"
grep -rn --include="*.py" "pickle\.load\|yaml\.load" . 2>/dev/null
grep -rn --include="*.java" "ObjectInputStream\|readObject" . 2>/dev/null

echo -e "\n[5] Weak Cryptography"
grep -rn --include="*.{py,java,go}" -E "md5|sha1|DES|RC4" . 2>/dev/null | head -10

echo -e "\n[6] Debug/Dev Settings"
grep -rn --include="*.py" "DEBUG\s*=\s*True" . 2>/dev/null
grep -rn "NODE_ENV.*development" . 2>/dev/null

echo -e "\n=== Scan Complete ==="
```

---

## Integration with Live Hooks

When using these patterns in PreToolUse hooks:

1. **Parse the file content** from the tool input
2. **Apply relevant patterns** based on file extension
3. **Return blocking result** for Critical/High severity matches
4. **Return warning** for Medium severity matches

### Pattern Matching Priority

| Severity | Action | Response Time |
|----------|--------|---------------|
| Critical | Block | Immediate |
| High | Block/Warn | Immediate |
| Medium | Warn | Deferred |
| Low | Log | Async |

### False Positive Mitigation

1. **Context awareness**: Check surrounding code for sanitization
2. **Allowlists**: Skip known-safe patterns (e.g., test files)
3. **Confidence scoring**: Multiple indicators increase confidence
4. **User overrides**: Allow explicit bypass with comments

---

## See Also

- `vuln-patterns-languages` - Language-specific patterns
- `remediation-injection` - SQL/command injection fixes
- `remediation-auth` - Secrets management fixes