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swift-protocol-di-testing
基于协议的依赖注入,用于可测试的Swift代码——使用聚焦协议和Swift Testing模拟文件系统、网络和外部API。
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Installation
Claude Code / Cursor / Codex
$curl -o ~/.claude/skills/swift-protocol-di-testing/SKILL.md --create-dirs "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xu-xiang/everything-claude-code-zh/main/docs/zh-CN/skills/swift-protocol-di-testing/SKILL.md"
Manual Installation
- Download SKILL.md from GitHub
- Place it in
.claude/skills/swift-protocol-di-testing/SKILL.mdinside your project - Restart your AI agent — it will auto-discover the skill
How swift-protocol-di-testing Compares
| Feature / Agent | swift-protocol-di-testing | Standard Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Platform Support | multi | Limited / Varies |
| Context Awareness | High | Baseline |
| Installation Complexity | Unknown | N/A |
Frequently Asked Questions
What does this skill do?
基于协议的依赖注入,用于可测试的Swift代码——使用聚焦协议和Swift Testing模拟文件系统、网络和外部API。
Which AI agents support this skill?
This skill is compatible with multi.
Where can I find the source code?
You can find the source code on GitHub using the link provided at the top of the page.
SKILL.md Source
# 基于协议的 Swift 依赖注入测试
通过将外部依赖(文件系统、网络、iCloud)抽象为小型、专注的协议,使 Swift 代码可测试的模式。支持无需 I/O 的确定性测试。
## 何时激活
* 编写访问文件系统、网络或外部 API 的 Swift 代码时
* 需要在未触发真实故障的情况下测试错误处理路径时
* 构建需要在不同环境(应用、测试、SwiftUI 预览)中工作的模块时
* 设计支持 Swift 并发(actor、Sendable)的可测试架构时
## 核心模式
### 1. 定义小型、专注的协议
每个协议仅处理一个外部关注点。
```swift
// File system access
public protocol FileSystemProviding: Sendable {
func containerURL(for purpose: Purpose) -> URL?
}
// File read/write operations
public protocol FileAccessorProviding: Sendable {
func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data
func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws
func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool
}
// Bookmark storage (e.g., for sandboxed apps)
public protocol BookmarkStorageProviding: Sendable {
func saveBookmark(_ data: Data, for key: String) throws
func loadBookmark(for key: String) throws -> Data?
}
```
### 2. 创建默认(生产)实现
```swift
public struct DefaultFileSystemProvider: FileSystemProviding {
public init() {}
public func containerURL(for purpose: Purpose) -> URL? {
FileManager.default.url(forUbiquityContainerIdentifier: nil)
}
}
public struct DefaultFileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding {
public init() {}
public func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data {
try Data(contentsOf: url)
}
public func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws {
try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic)
}
public func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool {
FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path)
}
}
```
### 3. 创建用于测试的模拟实现
```swift
public final class MockFileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding, @unchecked Sendable {
public var files: [URL: Data] = [:]
public var readError: Error?
public var writeError: Error?
public init() {}
public func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data {
if let error = readError { throw error }
guard let data = files[url] else {
throw CocoaError(.fileReadNoSuchFile)
}
return data
}
public func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws {
if let error = writeError { throw error }
files[url] = data
}
public func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool {
files[url] != nil
}
}
```
### 4. 使用默认参数注入依赖项
生产代码使用默认值;测试注入模拟对象。
```swift
public actor SyncManager {
private let fileSystem: FileSystemProviding
private let fileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding
public init(
fileSystem: FileSystemProviding = DefaultFileSystemProvider(),
fileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding = DefaultFileAccessor()
) {
self.fileSystem = fileSystem
self.fileAccessor = fileAccessor
}
public func sync() async throws {
guard let containerURL = fileSystem.containerURL(for: .sync) else {
throw SyncError.containerNotAvailable
}
let data = try fileAccessor.read(
from: containerURL.appendingPathComponent("data.json")
)
// Process data...
}
}
```
### 5. 使用 Swift Testing 编写测试
```swift
import Testing
@Test("Sync manager handles missing container")
func testMissingContainer() async {
let mockFileSystem = MockFileSystemProvider(containerURL: nil)
let manager = SyncManager(fileSystem: mockFileSystem)
await #expect(throws: SyncError.containerNotAvailable) {
try await manager.sync()
}
}
@Test("Sync manager reads data correctly")
func testReadData() async throws {
let mockFileAccessor = MockFileAccessor()
mockFileAccessor.files[testURL] = testData
let manager = SyncManager(fileAccessor: mockFileAccessor)
let result = try await manager.loadData()
#expect(result == expectedData)
}
@Test("Sync manager handles read errors gracefully")
func testReadError() async {
let mockFileAccessor = MockFileAccessor()
mockFileAccessor.readError = CocoaError(.fileReadCorruptFile)
let manager = SyncManager(fileAccessor: mockFileAccessor)
await #expect(throws: SyncError.self) {
try await manager.sync()
}
}
```
## 最佳实践
* **单一职责**:每个协议应处理一个关注点——不要创建包含许多方法的“上帝协议”
* **Sendable 一致性**:当协议跨 actor 边界使用时需要
* **默认参数**:让生产代码默认使用真实实现;只有测试需要指定模拟对象
* **错误模拟**:设计具有可配置错误属性的模拟对象以测试故障路径
* **仅模拟边界**:模拟外部依赖(文件系统、网络、API),而非内部类型
## 需要避免的反模式
* 创建覆盖所有外部访问的单个大型协议
* 模拟没有外部依赖的内部类型
* 使用 `#if DEBUG` 条件语句代替适当的依赖注入
* 与 actor 一起使用时忘记 `Sendable` 一致性
* 过度设计:如果一个类型没有外部依赖,则不需要协议
## 何时使用
* 任何触及文件系统、网络或外部 API 的 Swift 代码
* 测试在真实环境中难以触发的错误处理路径时
* 构建需要在应用、测试和 SwiftUI 预览上下文中工作的模块时
* 需要使用可测试架构的、采用 Swift 并发(actor、结构化并发)的应用